专业英语翻译答案.docVIP

The information encoded in genetic material (DNA) is responsible for establishing and maintaining the celluar and biochemical functions of an organism.编码信息的遗传物质DNA负责建立和维持细胞和一个生物体的生物化学功能。 In most organisms, the DNA is an extended double-stranded polymer.在大多数生物体内，DNA是延伸的双链聚合物。 The sequence of units (deoxyribonucleotides) of one DNA strand is complementary to the deoxyribonucleotides of the other strand.一条DNA链的脱氧核苷酸序列与另一条的脱氧核苷酸序列互补。 This complementarity enables new DNA molecules to be synthesized with the same linear array of deoxyribonucleotides in each strand as an original DNA molecule. 这种互补性能够合成与最初始DNA分子每一条链相同的脱氧核苷酸序列的新的DNA分子。The process of DNA synthesis is called replication.这个DNA合成的过程叫做复制。 A specific order of deoxyribonucleotides determines the information content of an individual genetic element (gene). 一个特定的脱氧核苷酸顺序决定一个单独的遗传元素（基因）的信息内容。Some genes encode proteins ,and others encode only ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules.一些基因编码蛋白质，另一些只编码核糖核酸（RNA）分子 The protein-coding genes (structural genes) are decoded by two successive major cellular processes: RNA synthesis (transcription) and protein synthesis (translation). First, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is synthesized from a structural gene. Second, an individual mRNA molecule interacts with other components, including ribosomes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) , and enzymes, to produce a protein molecule.翻译蛋白质的基因（结构基因）通过两个连续的主要细胞过程进行翻译：RNA合成（转录）和蛋白质合成（翻译）。首先，信使RNA分子从结构基因上被合成，然后，这个mRNA分子和其他组分包括核糖体，转运RNAs和酶相互作用来生产一个蛋白质分子。 A protein consists of a precise sequence of aminoacids which is essential for its activity.一个蛋白质是由一个精确的氨基酸序列组成，这个氨基酸序列对于蛋白质的活动是必须的。 Molecular biotechnologists use genes from a variety of organisms to create beneficial products. 利用基因分子技术从不同的有机体创造有利的产品。To understand how this is accomplished, it is helpful to know about the structure of DNA, replication, transcription, and translation.去理解这是怎样完成的，它是有帮助的去了解DNA的结构，复制，转录和翻译。 The chemistry of DNA has been studied since 1868. By the 1940s, it was known that DNA was mad