四级定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句知识点整理.docVIP

一、定语从句 1． 什么是定语从句？ 定语从句就是用一句话做定语，放在被修饰名词的后面。 This is a good book. 形容词作定语 This is the book that got No.1 sale last week. 从句作定语 This girl is my girlfriend. She is dancing with that guy. The girl / who is dancing with that guy is my girlfriend. she 指代的是the girl, 因此she 后面的内容就是修饰the girl, 两句话合并时，用who 代替the girl, 把从句嵌入原句中。 the girl 为先行词 who 为关系词 2． 构成定语从句的两大要素 （先行词，关系词） ①先行词（定语从句所修饰名词） 先行词可以是一个词，短语，一个分句，一个完整的句子 He who laughs last laughs best. He likes climing mountains, which is a good exercise. He said that he had no time, which isn’t true. He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend. ② 关系词 （也可以称为引导词，引导从句） 两大作用：连词作用 和 代词作用 ∴关系词分为： 关系代词: who, that, which, whom, whose, （which, that 指物， who 作主语时指代人， whom 作宾部时指代人 whose 指代所有格，…的） 关系副词: when , where, why PS: when = on/at which where = in/on/at which why = for which I like people who are honest. 这里面who 指代的people, 作关系代词 I like the library where I can read. where= in which, 引导的定语从句修饰library, 把library 带回定语从句中，I can read in the library. 做状语，因此where 是关系副词。（副词作状语） 3. 定语从句的5种形式 ①由单个关系词引导的定语从句 1）All _____is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. (1990-1) a）what is needed b）for our needs c）the thing needed d）that is needed all可作名词 = all the thing 修饰all或其它指物的不定代词（如：anything，something，nothing等）的定语从句用that引导。 2）Jack is the most intelligent man _____ I’ve ever met． a）that b）what c）whom d）who 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时，定语从句用that引导。 3）Elva found a place in the cellar _____ he used as his first laboratory． a）which b）where c）such d）the same 4）There will come a day _____all the people in the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism． a）when b）where c）why d）the moment ② 由介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句 prep．＋which ／whom ／whose Q：为什么要介词加关系代词？　（用例题解答） 因为先行词带入从句中，前面跟的是不及物动词，不及物动词加介词后，才能加先行词（先行词是定语修饰的名词），所以，在写定语从句时，索性把介词和关系词一起提前。 1）There was a teapot fashioned like a china duck，out of_____open mouth the tea was supposed to come.（cet-4） a）which b）its c）that d