分子生物学课件chap.ppt

跳跃复制 saltatory replication C A A C Mutation in 4 site Insert C Insert triple mutation Saltatory replication 9 bp repeat 27 bp repeat 58 bp repeat 58 bp repeat 116 bp repeat 基因的重复可以通过复制产生 （duplication） 复制后的拷贝发生突变和突变累积 (divergence) 形成基因簇 gene cluster 分化成执行不同功能的基因 Gene duplication is a major force in evolution 抗病基因簇的形成 不对称交换 (unequal crossing-over) unequal crossing-over 5 Units 5 Units 6 Units 4 Units 基因组比较研究 禾本科植物 基因组比较 ● 基因组比较研究表明； 5 × Rice genome Maize genome 40 × Rice genome Wheat genome 但基因组成，排列表现惊人的相似 差异多存在于repetitive sequence ﹤ ﹤ 2.4.4. 间隔基因（splitting gene） Phillip Sharp Roberts Ad2 (1977) （mini revolution） Richard J. Roberts Phillip A. Sharp Nobel Prize 1993 Pierre Chambon (France) (1977) ovalbumin of chicken Eukaryotic cellular gene is also split 2.5.4.1. 间隔基因的发现 Phillip A. Sharp Nobel Prize 1993 （49y） 2006.2.13 布什给 Philip Sharp 颁发国家科技奖章 曾获得40项奖励，拥有4个院士称号（美国科学院、美国文理科学院、 美国医学研究院、美国哲学研究院） E.coli K eop = 1 eop = 10-4 of λk efficiency of plating (eop) = 10-3 of λc E.coli C λphage eop = 1 ● 限制性核酸内切酶的发现 1965 Arber. W a)? E.coli restriction alien DNA with restriction endonuclease (RE) b)? Modification enzyme in host c)? Alien DNA fate of be restricted or be modified d) There are different RE in different host of bacterial Werner Arber Nobel Prize 1978 l??? Restriction Endonuclease 的种类 ● Splitting gene 的证实 1977 Pierre Chambon Ovalbumin cDNA as probe EcoRI HindIII Oviduct DNA Erythrocyte DNA cDNA 中没有HindIII，EcoRI 切点！？ Splitting seq. in the 5’ end of Hexon cp gene of Ad2 DNA of Ad2 + EcoRI HindIII mRNA of Hexon cp Sharp group Roberts group 1977 And presentation in CSH PNAS 74: 3173, 1977 Total DNA of chicken cDNA 7 DNA loop Chambon was inspired by Berget’s report Berget, S. M