英语词汇学第五章复习资料.doc

第五章 词汇： reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical ?adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic?拟声的 morphological ?形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 literal ?adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的 figurative 形态的 ?associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous?单配的 ?constant???adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 ?Interjections ?感叹词 overlaps ?n. 重叠部分 ?revealed ?v. 透露 一. 1.Reference –the?relationship?between?language?and?the?world.(cat,sheannimalect.) ?｛The?reference?of?a?word?to?a?thing?outside?the?language?is?arbitrary?and? conventional.?This?connection?is?the?result ?of?generalization?and?abstraction.? Although?reference?is?abstract，yet?with?the?help?of?context，it?can?refer?to?something?specific. ｝ 2.Concept–which?beyond language,?is the result of?human cognition,reflecting the objective world?in the human mind.?It?isn’t?affected?by?language.?Meaning?and?concept?are?closely?connected?but? not?identical.?Meaning?belongs?to language，so?is?restricted?to?language?use.? A?concept?can?have?as?many?referring?expressions?as?there?are?language?in?the?world.? 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes?the?relationship?inside?the?language.?Every?word?that?has?meaning?has?sense.? The sense?of an expression?is?its?place in?a system of?semantic relationships with other?expressions?in?the?language.? ?It?is?also?abstraction.? 二.Motivation-accounts?for?the?connection?between?the?linguistic?symbol?and?its?meaning.? English?does?have?words?whose?meanings?can?be?explained?to?a?certain?extent. Most?words?are non-motivated. The?connection?of?the?sign?and?meaning?dose?not?have?a?logical?explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic?Motivation – ?the?words?whose?sounds?suggest?their?meaning. （Indicate?the?relationship?between?sound and?meaning）. ? ?Knowing?the?sounds?of?the?words?means?understanding?the?meaning.?These?words?we created?by?imitating?the?natural?sounds?or?noises. (For?example， bang， ping-pang，crow?by?cocks，etc. ) ?Such?echoic?words?are?also?conventional?for?the?sounds?we?say?in?English?may?not?be? the?same?in?other