英文讲稿-pancreatic.doc

Pancreatic Anatomy The pancreas is 12-15 cm long. The gland can be divided into four portions-head, neck, body, and tail. The head of the pancreas is intimately adherent to the medial portion of the duodenum and lies in front of the inferior vena cava and superior mesenteric vessels. A small tongue of tiusse called the uncinate process lies behind the superior mesenteric vessels as they emerge from the retroperitoneum. Anteriorly, the stomach and the first portion of the duodenum lie partly in front of the first pancreas. The common bile duct passes through a posterior groove in the head of the pancreas adjacent to the duodenum. The body of the pancreas is in contact posteriorly with the aorta, the left crus of the diaphragm, the left adrenal gland, and the left kidney. The tail of the pancreas lies in the hilum of the spleen. The main pancreatic duct courses along the gland from the tail to the head and joins the common bile duct just before entering the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum 2-2.5 cm proximal to the ampulla of Vater. The blood supply of the pancreas is derived from branches the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arises from the gastroduodenal artery, runs parallel to the duodenum, and eventually meets the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a branch of the superior mesenteric artery, to from an arcade. The splenic artery provides tirbutaries that supply the body and tail of the pancreas. The main branches are termed the dorsal pancreatic, pancreatica magna, and caudal pancreatic arrterial supply. Lymphatic drainage is into the peripancreatic nodes located along the veins. The innervation of the pancreas is derived from the vagal and splanchnic nerves. Frequent pancreatic diseases Acute pancreatitis: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas, with variable involvement of other regional tissue or remote organ systems.The disease incl