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金融英语Lecture 5 Stock
Stock
Stock Market：
A stock market(or equity market): a private or public market for the trading of company stock and derivatives of company stock at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.
Stock Market Indexes：
Stock Market Indexes: indicators to measure the performance of the stock market.
1. Dow Jones Average（道琼斯平均数）
2. Standard Poor’s 500 Composite（标准普尔500指数）
3. NYSE Composite （纽约证交所综合指数）
4. NASDAQ Composite（那斯达克综合指数）
5. Nikkei 225 Nikkei 300（日经指数）
6. FTSE (Financial Times of London)（伦敦金融时报指数）
7. Heng seng Indexes（恒生指数）
Stock: an instrument that signifies an ownership position (called equity) in a corporation, and represents a claim on its proportional share in the corporation’s assets and profits.
PS: Ownership in the company is determined by the number of shares a person owns divided by the total number of shares outstanding. For example, if a company has 1000 shares of stock outstanding and a person owns 50 of them, then he/she owns 5% of the company.
Why does a company want to share its money with other people?
1. First, the company may be doing very well. It may need money to expand. By selling shares of stock, the company can get the money it needs.
该公司可能目前经营情况良好，需要资金扩大业务，通过出售股票，该公司得到所需资金。
2. Sometimes, it is advantageous for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax laws, the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange.
有时由于税收原因，“发行股票”对公司会非常有利，因为税法规定公司在证券交易所出售股票可以减免税收。
3. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money to banks. By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks.
还有的时候，公司拖欠银行巨款，可以通过出售股票获得资金偿还银行款项
4. In general, all companies that sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to raise money for one reason or another.
一般而言，无论出于什么原因，所有在证券交易所出售股票的公司都是为了聚集资金。
Common Stock：
A share of common stock in a firm represents an ownership interest in that firm. Common stockholders vote, receive dividend
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