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外交学概论(双语)
The ministry of foreign affairs
The origins and development of foreign affairs
Different titles in different countries
Department of Foreign Affairs Department of States
Foreign Office
Functions of the ministry of foreign affairs
1) Representative as a whole
2) Connection between diplomatic decision-making departments and resident institutions
3)Policy recommendation and implementation
The embassy
The course of establishing an embassy
The appointment of an ambassador
The core Functions of the embassy
Representing
Protecting
Negotiating
Ascertaining
Promoting
The composition and size of embassy
composition with ambassador as centre
1) Ambassador
(minister )
2) Counselor (political /commercial/cultural)
(charge d’ affaires )
3) Foreign secretary(3)
4) Diplomatic attache (attendant) /military attache
5) Diplomatic agents’ spouses
administrative and technical staff
Size: from 1 to 100 agents
The diplomatic corps
Diplomatic permanent mission to international organizations
The core Functions
Representing
Clarifying
Ascertaining
Conducting multilateral diplomacy
The Consulate
The consular system was a product of international commercial relations and was non-political in origin
In mid-nineteenth century, consular relations have become a part of official relations between states.
“combining two into one”
Functions
1.protecting the interests of the sending state and its nationals ,especially their life and property from illegal attacks.
2.furthering the development of relations , especially non-political relations as commerce, economy, culture, science and technology
3. ascertaining conditions and developments in the non-political life, and reporting to the sending state
4. handing administrative matters relating to passports, visas, notarization, authentication and civil register;
5. rendering assistance, including judiciary a
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