材料科学基础ThreethermodynamicsLaws.pptVIP

Why do We Need to Study thermodynamics? What will We Learn in this Course? Four Concepts of Materials Three Principles原则 for Changes Energy Barrier and Activation Energy Energy Barrier and Activation Energy Grain Growth Activation Energy Diffusion Activation Energy Diffusion扩散 Activation Energy – Mechanical Milling Movement of Atoms in Materials Features of thermodynamics Temperature Scales Zero Law of thermodynamics Temperature at Equilibrium Temperature at Equilibrium Temperature at Equilibrium Thermometer and Thermocouple 温度与体积的关系（盖.吕萨克定律） 绝对零度 – 不可能温度 The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy – Important Parameter 熵 - Entropy 热力学第二定律──过程方向 Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律 ─ 过程方向 Molar Entropies 热力学第三定律 ─ 熵值计算 * What is thermodynamics 热力学? What is thermodynamics used for? Is thermodynamics important for people involved 从事 in materials? Could the following reaction happen at 1000?C? 2Al + 3CO = Al2O3 + C Will the reaction happen in different atmospheres气氛? Why or why not? How do you know? Basic concepts概念 of thermodynamics Temperature, Enthalpy焓, Entropy熵 Thermodynamics Laws (Just touch) Application of chemical thermodynamics Chemical reactions Manufacture of refractories Use of refractories耐火材料 Properties depend on structure Structure depends on process Energy determines if the process can happen Energy能量 Process过程 Structure结构 Properties性质 A system changes from one state in equilibrium to another state in equilibrium Essence of chemical reactions Porosity, pore size, crystal size, … Strength, thermal expansion, … Any changes occur according to three principles Direction ─ the change happens toward to the state状态 with the lowest energy Route途径 ─ the change happens along the route with the lowest energy barrier Result ─ the results of the change produce products with the lowest energy Ball at position ① falls down to position ② spontaneously自发地 Ball at ② can not fall to ④ spontaneously because of energy barrier (能垒) If the ball r