材料物理导论ChapterSolidstructureandbasiccrystaltheory.ppt

Tetrahedral interstice of the hexagonal close-packed lattice Tetrahedral interstice Metallic atoms Tetrahedral interstice The stacking manner of the atoms in the hexagonal close-packed lattice 2. Multi-crystal properties Multi-crystal properties means that some metals have different crystal structures at different temperatures and pressures. Multi-crystal transition (or allotropic transition) means that the inner part of the metal will transfer from one structure to another structure when the external conditions changed (for example, T and P). For example: 3. Anisotropy of the crystal Anisotropy: anisotropy is the property of being directionally dependent. Crystal grain: particles that composed of the crystal. Polycrystal: polycrystalline materials are solids that are composed of many crystallites of varying size and orientation. Crystal grain Multiphase alloys The morphology image of alloys The fundamental requirement of this section Need to master the following concepts and terms： Isotropy and anisotropy Properties of three typical crystal structures including the shape of the unit cell, lattice parameters, the number of the atoms in the unit cell, the radius of the atom, coordinative number, density, the size and number of different interstice as well as the indices of the close-packed plane and the close-packed direction etc. Polycrystals and single crystals, crystal grain and grain boundary. Models of the three typical metallic crystal structures The number of atoms in the unit cell of three typical metallic crystal structures The atomic radius and lattice parameters The stacking manner of the packed planes of the typical metallic lattice (a) hcp structure (b) fcc structure (b) fcc crystal cell a) Faced-centered cubic lattice (properties) The arrangement of the atoms in the unit cell: there is one atom at each top of the 8 corner and one atom in each center of the 6 faces. Lattice parameters: a=b=c；α=β=γ=90o The n