黄河流域 Yellow River Valley.doc

黄河流域 Yellow River Valley 文化融合，政治统一cultural fusion and political unity 小农经济 the small-scale peasant economy 游牧部落 nomadic tribes 疆域 territory 封建主经济 suzerain economy 劝农抑商 encouraging farming but limiting commerce 战国时期 the Warring states Period 男耕女织 the man cultivating the land and the woman weaving at home 自给自足的自然经济 self-sufficient natural economy 人头税 poll tax 水能载舟，亦能覆舟 The water that carries the boat can also overturn it. 多元一体 integrated pluralism 吐故纳新 discarding the old and embracing the new 炎黄子孙 the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi 普天之下，莫非王土；率土之滨，莫非王臣 All the land under the sky belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the king’s subjects. 礼仪之邦 the land of ceremony and propriety 青铜器 the bronze wares 甲骨文 the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones 铭文 the inscriptions on bronze or copper wares 五经 The Five Classics 书同文、行同伦 the standardized written language and behaviors / the written language and behaviors have to be standardized 儒、道、佛、法家 Confucianism, Taoism / Classical Taoist thinking, Buddhism, the Legalist School 焚书坑儒 burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive 无为而治 to govern by doing nothing 独尊儒术、罢黜百家 paying supreme tribute to Confucianism while banning all other schools of thought 四大发明 four great inventions of Ancient China: 1) the invention of paper making technology 2) the art of printing 3) the making of the gunpowder 4) the compass 守内虚外 internal defense and external slackening 重文轻武 laying stress on the cultural achievement while making light of the military exploits 清明上河图 The scroll of painting: the festival of Pure Brightness on the River  求和谐，主平衡 seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium 消灾祈福 averting calamities and praying for blessings 临时抱佛脚 Clasp Buddha’s feet when in trouble—seek help at the last moment 六合 the six realms of Heaven and Earth, East and West, North and South 内圣外王 the supreme morality internalized as cultivation and externalized as governance of virtue 真诚、正心、修身 sincerity, integrity and intellectual cultiv