代数格-南京大学.PDF

浠ｆ暟鏍 绂绘暎鏁板锛嶄唬鏁扮粨鏋 鍗椾含澶у璁＄畻鏈虹瀛︿笌鎶€鏈郴 鍐呭鎻愯 飦 浠ｆ暟鏍肩殑瀹氫箟 飦 鏍肩殑瀵瑰伓鍘熺悊 飦 瀛愭牸 飦 鏍煎悓鎬併€佹牸鍚屾瀯 飦 鍒嗛厤鏍 飦 鏈夌晫鏍 飦 鏈夎ˉ鏍 飦 鏈夎ˉ鍒嗛厤鏍 2 鏍硷紙鍥為【锛 飦 (S,鈮? 鐨勪竴涓 锛堝亸搴忥級鏍硷紝濡傛灉涓嬪垪鏉′欢鎴愮珛锛 飦 璁?S,鈮?鏄亸搴忛泦 飦 鈭€x, y 鈭圫, 瀛樺湪{x,y }鐨勬渶灏忎笂鐣宭ub{x,y } , 璁颁负x鈭▂ 銆 飦 鈭€x, y 鈭圫, 瀛樺湪{x,y }鐨勬渶澶т笅鐣実lb{x,y }, 璁颁负x鈭 銆 飦 璁?S, 鈮?鏄牸锛屽垯(S, 鈭? 鈭?鏈変笅鍒楁€ц川: 飦 缁撳悎寰嬶細(a鈭) 鈭 = a 鈭?b鈭), (a鈭╞) 鈭╟ = a 鈭?b鈭╟) 飦 浜ゆ崲寰嬶細a鈭 = b鈭, a鈭╞ = b鈭╝ 飦 鍚告敹寰嬶細a 鈭?a鈭╞) = a, a 鈭?a鈭)=a 3 浠ｆ暟鏍硷紙瀹氫箟锛 飦 璁綥鏄竴涓泦鍚堬紝鈭у拰鈭ㄦ槸L涓婄殑浜屽厓杩愮畻锛屼笖婊¤冻缁撳悎寰嬨€ 浜ゆ崲寰嬨€佸惛鏀跺緥锛屽垯绉?L, 鈭? 鈭?鏄唬鏁版牸銆 绛 寮 鍚 绉 x鈭?y 鈭)=(x鈭 )鈭 缁撳悎寰 x鈭?y 鈭▃)=(x鈭▂ )鈭▃ x鈭 =y 鈭 浜ゆ崲寰 x鈭▂ = y 鈭▁ x鈭?x鈭 ) = x 鍚告敹寰 x鈭?x鈭▂ ) = x 4 浠ｆ暟鏍间腑鐨勫亸搴忓叧绯 飦 鈭€x, y 鈭圔, x鈭 =x iff x鈭▂ =y 飦 鑻鈭 =x 锛屽垯x鈭▂ = (x鈭 ) 鈭▂ = y //鍚告敹寰 飦 鑻鈭▂ =y锛屽垯x鈭 = x鈭?x鈭▂ ) = x //鍚告敹寰 飦 鈭€x, y 鈭圔, 瀹氫箟x 鈮紋 iff x鈭 =x (鍗硏鈭▂ =y) 飦 璇佹槑杩欎釜鍏崇郴婊¤冻鑷弽鎬с€佸弽瀵圭О鎬с€佷紶閫掓€с€ 飦 杩欎釜鍋忓簭鏋勬垚涓€涓牸銆 飦 lub{x,y} 鍗充负x鈭▂ 銆 飦 glb{x,y} 鍗充负x鈭 銆 飦 浠ｆ暟鏍肩瓑鍚屼簬 锛堝亸搴忥級鏍 5 鏍肩殑浠ｆ暟鎬ц川 缁撳悎寰 浜ゆ崲寰 鍚告敹寰 骞傜瓑寰 鍚告敹寰 骞傜瓑寰 x 鈭 = x 鈭? x 鈭?x鈭) ) = x 锛堜袱娆″簲鐢ㄥ惛鏀跺緥锛 鍚岀悊鍙瘉锛歺 鈭▁ = x 6 鍏充簬鏍肩殑瀵瑰伓鍛介 飦 瀵瑰伓鍛介鐨勪緥瀛 飦 a鈭鈮糰鍜宎鈭╞鈮絘浜掍负瀵瑰伓鍛介 飦 瀵瑰伓鍛介鏋勬垚瑙勫緥 飦 鏍煎厓绱犲悕涓嶅彉 飦 鈮间笌鈮斤紝鈭т笌鈭ㄥ叏閮ㄤ簰鎹€