三点、四点接触沟道的设计与计算.doc

三点、四点接触沟道的设计与计算 摘要 三点、四点接触球轴承在风力发电机、中小型起重机、挖掘机和航空航天等工程机械上广泛应用。随着机械行业的发展，对三点、四点接触轴承提出了更高的要求。沟道是轴承承受载荷的工作表面，所以沟道的设计与加工尤为重要。现在的沟道截形有两种：桃形和椭圆形,这两种沟道的设计和加工有相同也有不同。桃形沟道比较常见，容易加工；而椭圆沟道是比较新的截面形状，接触应力均匀，能显著提高轴承寿命。 在设计三点、四点接触沟道时建立数学模型是关键。正确合理的数学模型能准确计算出沟道的重要参数，也可以计算工作时接触角和轴向游隙，为实验和使用提供方便，也只有正确的数学模型磨削和超精加工才能很好的进行。沟道的磨削和超精加工决定了轴承的出厂的质量，所以控制好砂轮的截形和加工过程中的各个参数是很重要的。在磨削中砂轮的修整好坏直接影响沟道的圆度的误差和尺寸的大小。 本文所涉及的设计和加工是在实践和查阅资料的基础上，综合了所学专业知识建立起来的，对沟道截形桃形和椭圆形分别进行分析。文章对一般的多点接触轴承适用，特殊条件下的轴承要进行再改善。 关键词： 沟道截形， 椭圆滚道，磨削加工，砂轮修整 Three、four point contact raceway groove design and calculation ABSTRACT In wind generator、small cranes、excavators、aerospace applications and other engineering machinery three or four point contact ball bearings are on a wide range. With the development of machinery industry, it make higher requirements for three or four point contact bearings.Raceway groove is the bearing surface to withstand the work load, design and processing of raceway groove is particularly important. With the current section shape of raceway groove, there are two: Peach and oval, design and processing of the two raceway grooves have the same and the different. Peach raceway groove is more common, easy to process；The oval Raceway groove is a relatively new section shape, uniform contact stress can significantly improve the bearing life. In the design of three or four point contact raceway groove the mathematical model is the key . Reasonable mathematical model can correctly calculate accurately the important channel parameters, in the work it can calculate the contact angle and axial clearance, in order to facilitate experiments and use, and only the correct model can make a good grinding and super finishing. Grinding and super finishing of raceway groove determine the quality of the bearing when the factory, so good control of the cut-off wheel shape and the parameters in the processing is very important.In grinding quality of wheel dressing is in a direct impact on channel roundness error and the