论以忠实为取向的翻译标准.docVIP

·译学研究· 论以忠实为取向的翻译标准 —兼论严复的“信达雅” 曹明伦 (北京大学英语系，北京loos7l，河北大学外国语学院，河北保定071002) 摘要:以忠实为取向的翻译标准从来娜是译者主砚上的自律准则，也是人们评利译作质t的客砚准绳。当代西方翻译理论 界仍然以推陈出断的方式使用‘忠实’这个术语.坚持“忠实”这个棍念。甚至德里达井作的英丈版译者也提出了“忠 实原，系统’。但当今一些中国学者以客观上不存在绝对忠实的译作为由，主张译者应放弃时忠实的主砚追求。这些学者为其 主张提供了不少论据，其中最主要的走断批评理论、德里达的结构分解阅读法和比较丈学的译介学理论。本丈指出以忠实为取 向的翻译标准永远不会过时，并对上述三个主要论据进行了解析，指出1)街批评理论的基本立场走提偏丈字分析，强调原 作t义应来自丈本自身，2)德里达的结构分解阅读法强调“有解读经脸扰能肴到真实’，3)比较丈学学科挽定，译介学 只研究译作在目标语丈化中的传播、接收和影响子问题，不时译作忠实与否作出评利。鉴于此，要求译者放弃翻译忠实标准 的主张跳乏真正的理论依据。 关.词:翻译标准;忠实取向;街批评理论;德里达的结构分解阅读法;译介学;信达推 中圈分类号:H059文献标识码:^文章编号:1000-873X(2006)04-0012-08 Some Tentative Reflections on Translation Criterion Cao Mlnglun (College of Foreign Languages, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abftract: Both in the West and in China, the translation criterion of faithfulness or fidelity was initially meant to stress the need for translators to be self-disciplined. Its use by critics to measure the extent to which a TT can be considered a fair representation of its ST was a later development. Whereas contemporary Western translation scholars, from Nida, Gutt, Popovic to Lewis, still mare use of the notions of faithfulness and fidelity in innovative ways in their theory-building efforts, some Chinese scholars are advocating abandoning both terms and what they stand for. Opponents of fidelity often appeal to the New Criticism, to Decrida s reading strategy of deconstruction, and to the t6oory of Medio-Translatology as justifications for their stand, yet their way of drawing from these theories is hardly justifiable. The New Criticism insists on the possibility of an objective criticism, in which attention would be focused upon the meaning of the text itself. Derrida s strategy of d}constmction similarly provides a useful way of reading in order to get at the meaning of a text. And the theory of Medio-Translatology is concerned only about the target text s transmission, reception and influ