instrument attitude flying-仪表姿态飞行.doc

A. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to provide a brief review of the techniques of attitude instrument flight, including stall and stall recovery maneuvers. Attitude instrument flying is an extension of the concept of attitude flying. The establishment of a specific pitch and bank attitude, accompanied by a designated power setting, will cause predictable aircraft performance. Therefore, if pitch, bank and power are determined through reference to the flight instruments and the desired performance is confirmed by these instruments, the definition and technique of attitude instrument flight is clearly evident. There are three basic ingredients to attitude instrument flying: scan; interpretation; and aircraft control. The human body is subject to sensations which are unreliable when interpreting the aircrafts actual attitude; therefore, the pilot must learn to disregard these sensations and control the aircraft through proper scan and interpretation of the flight instruments. Proper scan is vital to the instrument pilot. Of course, instrument flying requires that certain instruments be used more often during particular maneuvers. This is called selective radial scan. During a constant airspeed climb, for instance, the altimeter is less important than the airspeed indicator. Under instrument meteorological conditions, the pilot uses the attitude indicator to determine the aircrafts pitch and re-establish an attitude that will correct the airspeed to the desired value. The attitude indicator replaces the normal outside visual references; therefore, it is the principal attitude control instrument for the radial scan. When scanning, the pilot should regard the attitude indicator as the hub of a wagon wheel, and the other instruments as spokes. (see Attitude Indicator is Centre of Scan figure, on the right). The second important ingredient in instrument flying is proper instrument interpretation. The attitude indicator provides an artificial horizon to replace