虚拟语气高考真题.doc

MODULE 5 第三课时 虚拟语气讲解 一、语气的分类 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 　　(1) 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 　　(2) 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 　　(3) 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 　 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。 真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。 例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 　 虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。 从句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were） 主语+should /would/might/could动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 If+主语+had+过去分词 主语+ should /would/might/could + have ＋过去分词 　　 与将来事实 相反的假设 ①If+主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were）； ②should＋动词原形； ③were to＋动词原形 主语+ should /would/might/could +动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句： (1) If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. (2) If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句： (3) If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. (4) If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句： (5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. (6) I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. (7) If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life. 三、if虚拟条件句型注意点： (1) 错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，这是应把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。 ① If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. ② If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. ③ If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. ④ If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do? 四、虚拟语气特殊句型： 1. Wish的 宾语从句 (1) I w