东北大学2004级《工程热力学》期末试题(2006年7月10日星期一).doc

东北大学2004级《工程热力学》期末试题（2006年7月10日星期一） Questions of Semester Examination about Engineering Thermodynamics 答题在答题纸上进行，写清题号，不必抄题。答题语言随意。 Write out the Following Concepts and Laws: (1) The first law of thermodynamics; (5%) (2) Carnot cycle; (5%) (3) Open system; (5%) (4) The Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics; (5%) (5) The distinguish between ideal and real gas; (5%) (6) The converging-diverging nozzle. (5%) At the beginning of the induction stroke of a petrol engine of compression ratio 8/1, the clearance volume is occupied by residual gas at a temperature of 840℃ and pressure 1.034 bar. The volume of mixture induced during the stroke, measured at atmospheric conditions of 1.013 bar and 15℃, is 0.75 of the cylinder swept volume. The mean pressure and temperature in the induction manifold during induction is 0.965 bar and 27℃ respectively, and the mean pressure in the cylinder during the induction stroke is 0.828 bar. Calculate the temperature of the mixture at the end of the induction stroke assuming the process to be adiabatic. Calculate also the final pressure in the cylinder. For the induced mixture and final mixture take cv=0.718kJ/kg(K and R=0.2871 kJ/kg(K; for the residual gas take cv=0.84kJ/kg(K and R=0.296 kJ/kg(K. (20%) What is cogeneration? (10%) Von der Waals equation: or That is Von der Waals equation. Constants a and b is called Von der Waals constants. They are relative to properties of gas as gas constant R, and can be determined for any substance from the critical-point data alone. In the critical-point, and Please determine constants a and b. (15%) (Fig. 7-3-7) Fresh steam parameters of steam power set operated with reheat cycle are p1=16.50MPa, T1=808.15K. Reheat pressure and temperature are p3=3.84MPa, T3=808.15K. Excluded steam pressure is p=0.005MPa. Output power of set is 300MW. The set operate 7800 hours annually. Burning one-kilogram coal can release 20000kJ heat. Please calculate annu