MCM2012(A,B,C)中英文对照.docVIP

PROBLEM A: The Leaves of a Tree How much do the leaves on a tree weigh? How might one estimate the actual weight of the leaves (or for that matter any other parts of the tree)? How might one classify leaves? Build a mathematical model to describe and classify leaves. Consider and answer the following: ? Why do leaves have the various shapes that they have? ? Do the shapes “minimize” overlapping individual shadows that are cast, so as to maximize exposure? Does the distribution of leaves within the “volume” of the tree and its branches effect the shape? ? Speaking of profiles, is leaf shape (general characteristics) related to tree profile/branching structure? ? How would you estimate the leaf mass of a tree? Is there a correlation between the leaf mass and the size characteristics of the tree (height, mass, volume defined by the profile)? In addition to your one page summary sheet prepare a one page letter to an editor of a scientific journal outlining your key findings. ? 一棵树的叶子有多重？如何估计一棵树叶子的实际质量（或者树的某部分的质量）？如何给叶子分类？建立一个数学模型来描述和对树叶进行分类。考虑并回答下述问题： 为什么树叶有各自不同的形状？ 树叶的形状是否通过使树叶间阴影重叠的最小化来获得最大的暴露面积，树叶在一棵树“体积”及树枝内的分布是否影响树叶的形状？ 谈到轮廓，树叶的形状是否和树的轮郭/分叉结构有关？ 你如何估计一棵树树叶的质量？树叶质量是否和树的大小（高度，质量，体积）相关？ PROBLEM B: Camping along the Big Long River Visitors to the Big Long River (225 miles) can enjoy scenic views and exciting white water rapids. The river is inaccessible to hikers, so the only way to enjoy it is to take a river trip that requires several days of camping. River trips all start at First Launch and exit the river at Final Exit, 225 miles downstream. Passengers take either oar- powered rubber rafts, which travel on average 4 mph or motorized boats, which travel on average 8 mph. The trips range from 6 to 18 nights of camping on the river, start to finish.. The government agency responsible for managing this river wants every trip to enjoy a wilderness experience, with minimal contact with other groups of boats on the river. Currently, X trips travel down the Big Long Riv