测绘英文翻译.docVIP

西南科技大学本科毕业生文献翻译 学院：环境与资源学院 班级：测绘0701 姓名：裴宇航 学号Definitions of GIS “GIS” is an acronym meaning of Geographic Information System. In order to provide a good understanding of GIS, the following two definitions given by R hind (1989) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 1997) respectively are presented first. 1 “a system of hard w are, software, a n d procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation , analysis, modeling, and display of spatially referenced data for solving complex planning an d management problems .” 2 “a computer system capable of assembling , storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information , i.e., data identified according to their location .” GIS books generally adopt the ideas expressed by these two definitions. These two characteristics distinguish GIS from other types of information systems: The word “Geographic” in GIS explains “spatially” where things are such as the location of nations, states, counties, cities, schools, roads, rivers, lakes, and the list can go on and on. Spatially means where on the earth’s surface an object or feature is located. T his can be as simple as the latitude and longitude of a feature. T he geographic feature or object can be anything of interest .“ Information” in GIS is the “data” or “attribute” information about specific features that we are interested in. The name of the feature, what the feature is, the location of the feature, and any other information that is important. An example could be the name of a city , w here it is located , ho w big it is in square feet ( area) , its population , its population in the past, and any other information that is important . “System” in GIS is the computer software that is written to help people analyze the data, look at the data and combine it in various ways to show relationships or to create geographic models . A GIS can be made up of a variety of software and hardware tools, as long as they are integr