查理曼论文：基督教在西方的第一次“圣战”.docVIP

查理曼论文：基督教在西方的第一次“圣战” 【中文摘要】西欧中世纪加洛林王朝的查理大帝在位46年而对外战争有55次之多。在他的多次对外战争中,尤以对萨克森人的战争最为激烈、艰难和持久。这场战争从772年春开始到804年结束前后历时32年时间,其间打打停停双方都有重大损失和重要将领牺牲,最终萨克森人屈服。通过这场持久战,加洛林王朝获得了莱茵河以东直到易北河的广袤土地。随后查理曼也把基督教迅速传播到了萨克森人中间。查理曼颁布法律来规范萨克森人的行为和信仰以及对他统治所应履行的义务。到10世纪中叶,萨克森地区已经成为欧洲基督教势力最强大的地区。查理曼对萨克森人战争在西欧中世纪历史上影响深远。查理曼对萨克森人战争这个问题在欧洲中世纪史中常常被提到,但是叙述与评论不够全面。尤其是定居于莱茵河东岸的萨克森人的生活情况在中世纪历史书籍中很少提到。这篇论文在阅读相关史料的基础上对这场战争进行一个较为清晰全面的梳理和分析,介绍中世纪初期萨克森人的习俗和宗教信仰,探究同为日耳曼人的法兰克人和萨克森人爆发战争的原因。客观地评价这场战争对早期欧洲文明的影响和历史意义。总之,查理曼对萨克森人战争对欧洲早期文明空间的形成具有不可忽视的作用,也说明了战争是文明形成过程中的常态。笔者希望通过撰写这篇论文能够帮助的读者了解这段历史和它的重要性。 【英文摘要】Charlemagne had reigned for forty-six years and had more than fifty-five wars abroad in Carolingian Dynasty in Western Europe in the Mediaeval. Especially, the war which Charlemagne conquered Saxons was most fierce,difficulty and prolonged among his many expansion wars. The war had last for thirty-two years from A.D.772 to A.D.804. The Franks and the Saxons all had important loss and leaders had sacrificed. At the end the Saxons gave in. Because of this war, Carolingian Dynasty got the Rhineland which had dominated by the Saxons. Charlemagne had then spread Christianity to the Saxons. He promulgated laws to stander the Saxons抌ehaviors, beliefs and obligations for Charlemagne. Since then Christianity developed for decades, the Saxons areas had became the strongest Christianity areas in the middle of the tenth century. Charlemagne conquer the Saxons has a far-reaching influence in the Mediaeval of the Western Europe.The issue about Saxon wars of Charlemagne often refers in the history of the Medieval in Europe. But the narrative and comment is not comprehensive enough. Especially, the Saxons抣iving conditions of who settled in the east bank of Rhine are rarely mentioned in the medieval historical books. This passage will to give a clear and comprehensive analysis about this war on the basis of widely reading the relevant historical material and to introduce Saxons抰he custom and the religious beliefs of the e