城镇化论文：城镇化进程中失地农民利益保护研究.docVIP

城镇化论文：城镇化进程中失地农民利益保护研究 【中文摘要】2001年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者美国哥伦比亚大学约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨教授指出:“21世纪对世界影响最大的有两件事:一是美国高科技产业,二是中国的城市化”。城市化过程有两个显著特征,一是工作上农民脱离土地,二是身份上农民转变为市民。我国目前发展的方向不是城市化,而是城镇化。这两者的内涵虽相同,但外延却有差别。后者发展的主要方向是中小城市、小城镇,这才是切合我国实际情况的城市化。城镇化过程必然伴随征地、拆迁行为,这是一条铁律。随着我国城镇化规模的不断扩展,大量集体农田、农村宅基地被征收,同时涉及到宅基地上农民自用的房屋及其附属物的拆迁。在这一过程中农民一方面丧失了赖以生存的家园和辛勤劳作的土地,另一方面由于尚未纳入完全法制化的征地行为,自身权益受到极大侵害。土地征收过程中农民主体地位缺失、征收补偿标准过低、补偿款分配比例严重失衡、农村集体财富大量流失、土地被征收后生活水平下降等矛盾成为普遍性问题。许多成为“无工作、无住房、无保障”的三无农民,仅依靠征地后获得的微薄补偿生存,逐渐沦为最大弱势群体。要保障失地农民的利益,必须对现有导致农民权益流失的各项制度性缺陷进行彻底改革。以下几个方面应当重点考虑:一是强化农村产权制度,界定农民为产权主体;二是加快农村征地立法,完善集体土地征收程序和救济渠道;三是改革农村征地制度,提高土地补偿标准;四是改革现行农村土地征收利益分配机制,提高农民在分配中的比重;五是建立健全失地农民社会保障制度,为其解决后顾之忧;六是正确理解政府在征地中的定位,各级政府应当主动限制自己的权力,在征地问题上,应当甘于当好“服务员”,不做“拆迁工”。本文从现行农村拆迁征地过程中农民面临的诸多困境入手,提出改革农村征地法律制度,对公共利益进行重新界定,开展农村土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、房屋所有权等权属确认工作,坚持农村征地纠纷可诉,唤醒农民对于自身权益的保护意识,综合考虑拆迁之后对农民的安置等切实保护失地农民权益的建议和对策,以期对在加快推进城镇化背景下如何有效保护我国失地农民权益提供一点借鉴。 【英文摘要】The 2001 Nobel Economic Prize winner Columbia University professor Joseph E. Stilts pointed out:“There are two things which make biggest influence on the world in the 21st century: one is US hi-tech industry, the other is China抲rbanization.擳he author deems there are two distinguishing features in the process of urbanization: one is the separation between peasants and land, the other is the transition from peasants to citizens. At present, the direction of Chinese development is not the development of cities, but the development of towns. These two concepts are identical in their connotations, but different in their extensions. The later is more concerned about the development of small-medium cities and small-town, which kind of urbanization is correspond with the practical situation of China.It is the iron law that the process of urbanization is inevitably accompanied with expropriation and demolition. With the development of Chinese urbanization, a large number of collective-owned land and rural residential land were expropriated, as well as a lot of peasants抯elf-used housing and a