蛋白质中新型赖氨酸翻译后修饰的结构简介-大学化学.pdfVIP

•知识介绍• doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX20 1708002 蛋白质中新型赖氨酸翻译后修饰的结构简介 王志鹏1, 2,* 程农壹3 梁妍钰2 马新雨1 1 ( Chemistry department, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77840, USA； 2 清华大学化学系，北京 100084； 3Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA) 摘要：近年来各种新型蛋白质赖氨酸翻译后修饰被逐渐发现。这些翻译后修饰在蛋白质组中广泛存在，具有高 度的结构多样性，并对染色体结构和基因表达具有重要的表观遗传调控作用。本文将从化学的角度对这些新型 赖氨酸翻译后修饰的发现与结构特点进行简述，期对教学与科研有助。 关键词：赖氨酸，翻译后修饰，蛋白质组 中图分类号：G64 ；O6 ；Q501 Brief Introduction of Structures and Discovery of Novel Lysine Post-translational Modifications in Native Proteins WANG Zhipeng A.1,2,* CHENG Nong-Yi3 LIANG Yan-Yu2 MA Xin-Yu1 1 ( Chemistry department, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; 2Chemistry department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China ; 3Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA) Abstract: An increasing amount of novel protein lysine post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been gradually discovered. These PTMs with a large structural diversity widely exist in human proteome, which play an important epigenetically regulatory function to the chromatin structure and gene expression. This manuscript will briefly summarize the discovery and structure properties of the lysine PTMs from a chemical point of view, which will further benefit to teaching and research. Key Words: Lysine, Post-translational modifications, Proteome *通讯作者：Email: zhipeng.wang@ 1. 引言 21 世纪人类基因组测序完成标志着我们正式进入“后基因组”时代。然而随着蛋白质翻译后 修饰的深入研究，人们发现蛋白质的复杂结构与精细调控的除了受基因本身序列信息的影响外， 还与其上的各类翻译后修饰相关。故而表观遗传学应运而生，并逐渐成为生命科学的重要研究 方向之一。以赖氨酸甲基化为例，其具有化学结构的多样性，分别为单甲基化、双甲基化及三 甲基化。赖氨酸甲基化作为最为重要的修饰方式之一广泛存在于核蛋白