【仪表工程】EN ROUTE OPERATIONS.pdfVIP

The en route phase of flight has seen some of the most not including 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL). The dramatic improvements in the way pilots navigate second stratum is an area containing identifiable jet from departure to destination. Developments in tech- routes as opposed to designated airways, and extends nology have played a significant role in most of these from 18,000 feet MSL to Flight Level (FL) 450. The improvements. Computerized avionics and advanced third stratum, above FL 450 is intended for random, navigation systems are commonplace in both general point-to-point navigation. and commercial aviation. AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS The procedures employed in the en route phase of flight are governed by a set of specific flight standards estab- The Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) lished by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations encompasses the en route air traffic control system (14 CFR), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air/ground radio communications, that provides safe Order 8260.3, United States Standard for Terminal and expeditious movement of aircraft operating on IFR Instrument Procedures (TERPS), and related publica- within the controlled airspace of the Center. ARTCCs tions. These standards establish courses to be flown, provide the central authority for issuing IFR clearances obstacle clearance criteria, minimum altitudes, naviga- and nationwide monitoring of each IFR flight. This tion performance, and communications requirements. applies primarily to the en route phase of flight, and For the purposes of this discussion, the en route phase of includes weather information and other inflight serv-