长寿型啮齿类动物的抗肿瘤机制-遗传.PDFVIP

Hereditas (Beijing) 2016 年 5 月, 38(5): 411―417 综 述 长寿型啮齿类动物的抗肿瘤机制 1,2 1,2 1,2 董彦娇 ，逄越 ，李庆伟 1. 116029 2. 116029 摘要: 啮齿类动物是广泛应用于生物医学的重要模式动物，包括先天性胸腺缺陷型的裸鼠、不患癌的裸鼹鼠 (Heterocephalus glaber)和盲鼹鼠(Spalax galili) 等。哺乳动物的衰老过程与癌症发生率有关，衰老的程度与患癌 机率呈正相关。由于啮齿类动物约占哺乳动物的40% ，因此研究长寿型啮齿类动物抗肿瘤机制对于抗癌机制的 研究具有十分重要的作用。复制性衰老是啮齿类动物中普遍存在的抗肿瘤机制，但在裸鼹鼠和盲鼹鼠体内发现 了独特的抗肿瘤机制：盲鼹鼠主要的抗肿瘤机制是由细胞释放IFN-β，激活p53 和 Rb 信号通路，进而导致细 胞集中性死亡；裸鼹鼠的抗肿瘤机制是由高分子量透明质酸引起的早期接触性抑制介导。此外，裸鼹鼠和盲鼹 鼠的基因组中还含有高表达与调节细胞死亡和抗炎机制相关的基因。本文对裸鼹鼠和盲鼹鼠的独特抗肿瘤机制 进行了综述，以期为该领域的相关研究提供参考。 关键词: 裸鼹鼠；盲鼹鼠；透明质酸；干扰素；抗肿瘤 The anti-tumor mechanisms in long-lived rodents Yanjiao Dong 1,2, Yue Pang1,2, Qingwei Li1,2 1. College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; 2. Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Abstract: Rodents, including the nude mice with congenital aplasia of the thymus, cancer-resistant naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and blind mole rat (Spalax galili), are important model organisms that are widely used in biomedical research. The aging process is closely related to cancer incidence in mammals and the aging degree is positively correlated with the risk of cancer. Since rodents account for 40% of mammals, study of the unique anti- tumor mechanism in long-lived rodents is very important. Replicative senescence is anti-tumor mechanism that pre- valently exist in rodents, however, unique anti-tumor mechanisms have been found in naked mole-rats and blind 收稿日期: 20151217; 修回日期: 20160112 基金项目: (973 )(2103CB835304)(210305016) 31202020) ( LJQ2014117) ( 2103E11SF056) [Supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2013CB835304), the Marine Public Welfare Project of State Oceanic