空中领航学(E01).pptVIP

Relative Bearings 相对方位角 The relative bearing of an object from an aeroplane is its angular distance from the aircraft’s heading measured clockwise from the nose of the aeroplane from 000REL through to 360REL. RB = 035° Conversions 换算 A Relative Bearing A Magnetic Bearing Aircraft magnetic heading + Relative bearing of object from aircraft = Magnetic bearing of object from aircraft 飞机航向角+相对方位角=磁方位角 NM Aircraft magnetic heading Relative bearing of object from aircraft Distance For navigation purposes, the unit of measurement of horizontal distance is the nautical mile (nm). For other aviation uses, such as visibility, horizontal distance from cloud and runway lengths, the unit is either the kilometer or meter. Units of Measurement The Nautical Mile 海里 The nautical mile has its origin in its relationship to the size of the earth, where 1 min of latitude is equal to 1nm. 1 nm = 1, 852 m A nautical mile is absolutely not an Imperial measurement, although many think it is. 10 nm 10 min Speed Airspeed and Groundspeed Because of the effect of the wind, the speed of an aeroplane can be expressed in two ways: It is measured in relation to the ground, ground speed. It is measured relative to the air mass through which it is moving, airspeed. The effect of the wind on the speed of an aeroplane. BAS（基本表速） - shown by ASI IAS （指示空速） CAS （校正空速） EAS （当量空速） TAS （真空速） - actual speed through the air 空速表机械误差修正 空气动力误差修正 空气压缩性修正 空气密度修正 Airspeed Indicator?  True Airspeed (TAS) For navigation purposes we need to know our true airspeed (TAS) or actual speed through the air. TAS = CAS √ ρ/ ρ0 Where, ρ/ ρ0 is the air density ratio. √ ρ/ ρ0 For the same IAS, warmer air increases TAS. For the same TAS, the aircraft in less dense air has lower IAS. TAS 80 kt IAS 80 kt TAS 93 kt IAS 80 kt Movement in an Air Mass Velocity The velocity is a rate of change of position in a given direction and is th