2015年职称英语考试理工类情态动词精讲.doc

情态动词 （Model Verbs） 又称为情态助动词 （Model Auxil-iaries）。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have， do， be；二是情态助动词，如may， must， need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语四、六级考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式 （2）情态动词+行为动词进行式 （3）情态动词+行为动词完成进行式 （4）某些情态动词的特殊用法 一、情态动词+行为动词完成式 情态动词+行为动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。 1. must have v-ed must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed， 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如： 1）Since the ditch is full of water， it must have rained last night. 2）You couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 2. could have v-ed could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。例如： 1）“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it？” 2）“Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.” 3.may / might have v-ed may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了。may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如： I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如： 1）With all the work finished， I should have gone to the party last night. 2）You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 5. neednt have v-ed neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如： You neednt have waken me up； I dont have to go to work today. 注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如： “I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” 二、情态动词+行为动词进行式 情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如： 1）He must be playing basketball in the room. 2）She may be staying at home. 三、情态动词+行为动词完成进行式 情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如： 1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him. 四、某些情态动词的特殊用法 1. need 考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别，对此，可参见表1.need 作情态动词时，后面跟不带to 的动词不定式，即 “need t