太原污灌区土壤重金属和盐分含量的空间变异特征-环境科学学报.PDF

第 21 卷第 3 期 环 　境 　科 　学 　学 　报 Vol . 21 ,No . 3 2001 年 5 月 ACTA SCIENTIAE CIRCUMSTANTIAE May ,2001 ( ) 文章编号 2001　　　中图分类号 :X1313 　　　文献标识码 :A 太原污灌区土壤重金属和盐分含量的空间变异特征 ( 中国农业大学资源与环境学院 ,北京 　100094) 张乃明 ,李保国,胡克林 　 摘要 :在面积为 27 万 hm2 的太原污灌区布设土壤取样点 49 个 ,测定了耕层土壤中重金属 Hg 、Cd 、Pb 、盐分 、氯离子含量及 p H ,应用地统计学的方法分析了数据的统计特征值和结构特征 ,结果表明:铅和盐分服从正态分布 ,氯离子服从对数正态分 布 ,其它无分布类型 ,拟合得到 Hg 、Pb 、盐分的半方差函数模型为指数型 ,镉和氯离子为球型 ,p H 为高斯型 ,这些测定项 目在 一定范围内存在空间相关性. 用 Kriging 内插法对未测点重金属及盐分进行最优估计 ,并绘制了等值线图,可更直观地反映出 污灌区土壤重金属及盐分的空间变异特征. 关键词 :地统计学 ; 污灌 ; 重金属 ; 空间变异 Spatial variabilities of heavy metals and salt contents in soils of Taiyuan se wage irrigation region ( ZHANG Naiming , LI Baoguo , HU Kelin 　College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Bei jing 100094) 2 - Abstract :Fortynine soil samplers were collected from 27000 hm of Taiyuan sewage irrigation region . Hg , Cd , Pb , salt content , Cl and p H were measured. A geostatistics method was used to analyze the statistical feature of these data . Soil heavy metal Pb and salt distributed nor mally and Cl - distributed lognormally , but others showed neither normal nor lognormal distribution . The semivariogram models of Hg , Pb and salt were exponential , the model of Cd and Cl - were spherical , the model of p H was gaussian . These observed items were correlated in a giv en spatial range . The Kriging method was applied to estimate the unobserved points and their contour map s were obtained. The spatial variabil ities of the heavy metals