中山大学生命科学院生物化学课件：RNA Metabolism.pptxVIP

RNA Metabolism;What differences between DNA and RNA?;Three major kinds of RNA;;;What will we discuss?;1.Transcription: DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA (转录);RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase;About 17bp are unwound at any given time; ;Template strand and nontemplate strand(coding strand); ;RNA polymerase in E. coli;RNA polymerase in E. coli;RNA synthesis is initiated at promoters;Typical E. coli promoters recognized by an RNA polymerase holoenzyme;-35区的序列与起始点的辨认有关,称为辨认结合位点 -10区的序列称为Pribnow盒 (box) 开链位点;;RNA polymerase leaves its footprint on a promoter;Steps in the initiation of transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase; ;Transcription is regulated;Specific sequences signal termination of RNA synthesis;A model for ρ –independent termination of transcription;;Transcription resembles replication;Transcription differs from replication;;Eukaryotic cells have three kinds of nuclear RNA polymerases;Common sequences in promoters recognized by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II;cis-acting element (顺式作用元件);RNA polymerase II requires many other protein factors for its activity; 真核生物的转录起始 顺式作用元件(cis-acting element) -35区: TATA盒 (Hogness盒) -40～-110区:　CAAT盒　　GC盒 反式作用因子(trans-acting factor) 转录因子（ＴＦ） 转录因子和真核生物的转录起始复合物 ＴＦⅡ Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、H 起始前复合物（ＰＩＣ）;Transcription at RNA polymerase II promoters;DNA-dependent RNA polymerase can be selectively inhibited(RNA合成的抑制剂);吖啶;2. RNA processing;Formation of the primary transcript and its processing during maturation of mRNA in a eukaryotic cell;The introns transcribed into RNA are removed by splicing;Exons 100-200bp, usually less than 1000bp Intron 50-20000bp;RNA catalyzes splicing;Transesterificaton reaction. The group I splicing requires a guanine nucleoside or nucleotide cofactor;Splicing mechanism of group I introns;Splicing mechanism of group II introns. The nucleophile is the 2`-hydroxyl group of an adenylate residue within the intron;The third and largest class of introns are those found in nuclear mRNA primary transcripts. Splicing requir