Trace elements dispersion from a tailings dam and speciation in 微量元素扩散的尾矿坝和形态.ppt

Trace elements dispersion from a tailings dam and speciation in surrounding agricultural soilsKombat Mine, Otavi Mountainland, Namibia Marta Mileusni?, Stanko Ru?i?i? University of Zagreb, Croatia Benjamin Siyowi Mapani, Akalemwa Fred Kamona Isaac Mapaure, Percy Maruwa Chimwamurombe University of Namibia, Namibia STUDY AREA - Kombat Grootfontein district latitude 19?43′S longitude 17?43′E altitude of 1.590 metres 2 000 inhabitants Agriculture: (1) livestock production (2) maize, potatoes, vegetables and subtropical fruits Kombat Cu mine mining: 1962 – 2008 (46 years) 24,550,280?t of copper ore tailing dam (about 300 million T) Area: 20 ha Height: 3-4 m winter summer Sub tropical climate Summers -very hot -heavy downpours -northeastery winds Winters (May –June) -mild -dry winters - easterly winds Main agents of material transfer from tailings into surrounding areas WINTER - WIND SUMMER - RAIN WATER (as run-off in episodes of heavy downpours RESEARCH GOALS (1) to determine lateral distribution and seasonal variability of trace metals, as well as dominant metal binding mechanisms in the agricultural soil (2) to identify dominant type of metal dispersion from the tailings impoundment (mechanical or chemical) (3) to carry out preliminary assessment of environmental risk associated with tailings dam SAMPLING - after results of Kribek et al. (2006) 2) polluted soil 3) control soil 1) tailings 2 sampling campaigns: Wet season – march Dry season – august Analytical work (1) bulk mineralogy of soils and tailings (XRD) (2) Pseudototal metal content of soils and tailings (aqua regia digestion, AAS) (3) Binding sites of metals (sequential leaching, AAS) Fraction Label Reagent Exchangeable ADS/EXC Ammonium acetate Acid (carbonates) CARB Acetic acid Reducible FEMN Hydroxylamine hidrochloride Oxidisable OR/SUL Hydrogen peroxide Modified after: TESSIER et al. (1979) and SULKOWSKI et al. (2006) RESULTS Mineral content tailing