第一章战略历程明茨伯格Chapter1.pptVIP

STRATEGIC SAFARIChapter 1 THE BLIND MEN AND ELEPHANTby John Godfrey Saxe (1816-87) Very like a wall This marvel of an elephant is very like a fan. I see ,the elephant is very like a rope This wonder of an elephant is very like a spear! Although each part is right, it is ridiculous as a whole! No one has ever looked at elephants in a global perspective, just a simple piece of patchwork and a partial addition. TEN STRATEGIC SCHOOL The Design School: strategy formation as a process of conception The Planning School: strategy formation as a formal process The positioning School: strategy formation as an analytical process The Entrepreneurial School: strategy formation as a visionary process The Cognitive School: strategy formation as a mental process The Learning School: strategy formation as an emergent process The Power School: strategy formation as a process of negotiation The Cultural School: strategy formation as a collective process The Environmental School: strategy formation as a reactive process The Configuration School: strategy formation as a process of transformation Strategies ahead and behind Strategy is a pattern? Strategy is a plan? Looking ahead? Looking at past behavior? Perfect realization implies brilliant foresight, not to mention an unwillingness to adapt to unexpected events, while no realization at all suggests a certain mindlessness. The real world inevitably involves some thinking ahead as well as some adaptation en route. Realized strategy Deliberate strategy Intended strategy Unrealized strategy Emergent strategy Strategic deliberate and emergent Changing position and perspective Strategies above and below Strategy is a position? Strategy is a perspective? Strategy looks down——to the X? Strategy looks up ——to the grand vision of the enterprise? While changing position within perspective may be easy, changing perspective, even while trying to maintain position, is not. 、 Strategic: top management’s plans to attain outcomes c