阳离子淀粉论文：微波固相合成三种反应物及其应用性能研究.doc

阳离子淀粉论文：微波固相合成三种反应产物及其应用性能研究 【中文摘要】本文利用微波固相反应合成了高取代度的阳离子淀粉、羧甲基淀粉并对微波固相法合成三聚氰酸的工艺进行了研究。从微波功率、反应时间、反应物配比、催化剂用量等方面研究了影响阳离子淀粉和羧甲基淀粉合成反应的因素和条件,并测定了产品应用性能；对三聚氰酸的合成过程放出的氨的量及放氨的稳定性进行了测定。以ETA为醚化剂和玉米淀粉为原料制备了取代度最高为0.419的阳离子淀粉,最佳的反应条件：以60%水和异丙醇为分散剂,ETA、玉米、氢氧钠的最佳摩尔比为0.152：0.31：0.175,微波功率为350 W,反应2 min,ETA的反应效率为84.5%；以水作为分散剂时取代度为0.407,ETA的反应效率为82.3%。测定了各反应条件下阳离子淀粉的粘度,利用高岭土悬浮液对阳离子淀粉的絮凝能力进行了测定,并用阳离子淀粉处理造纸白水。当阳离子淀粉的浓度为60mg/L,絮凝24小时后,CODcr的去除率达到85.6%,悬浮固形物(SS)的去除率为83.1%。以氯乙酸钠为醚化剂与和玉米淀粉合成了取代度为0.675的羧甲基淀粉,最佳合成条件是：淀粉、氯乙酸钠、碱最佳的摩尔比为0.62：0.6：0.75,微波功率350 W,碱化时间1min,醚化时间2.5 min,水2.5 mL。测定了羧甲基淀粉糊的性质和降滤失性能。羧甲基淀粉的溶液有较好的透明性且粘度低,质量分量为1%～6%时,取代度为0.67的羧甲基淀粉的粘度小于1000mpa.s,且抗盐抗温性能较高。2%质量分数的羧甲基淀粉的降滤失率为45%,可抗温至130℃,且抗盐抗钙能力较好。对微波法固相法制备三聚氰酸的工艺过程进行了研究,结果表明：三聚氰酸作为一种制氨新技术,生成的氨比较稳定,放氨时间集中,各时间段放出的氨气量基本一致,反应的起动时间在几十分钟内,氨气的响应时间在1分钟内。该工艺在工艺条件、经济效益和节能减排方面优于目前的尿素制氨技术。 【英文摘要】In this paper, cationic starch and carboxymethyl starch with high-substitute degree was synthesized and the process of ammonia prepared by microwave solid-phase synthesis of cyanuric acid was tested. Influence factors and reaction conditions of the synthesis reaction of cationic starch and carboxymethyl starch have been studied from the molar ratio of reactants, reaction time microwave power, catalyst and the application performance of the products have been researched; the amount and the stability of ammonia released from synthesis of cyanuric acid was studied.Agent ETA and corn starch was 0.419. It is found that under the conditions of n (ETA)/n (AGU)/n (NaOH)= 0.152:0.31:0.175, microwave power 350 W, reaction time 2 min, microwave power 350 W, the solvent 60% water and isopropyl alcohol the reaction efficiency of ETA was 84.5%; With water as solvent the degree of substitution was 0.407 and the reaction efficiency of ETA was 82.3%.The reaction factors impacting on the viscosity of cationic starch was researched, flocculation ability of cationic starch were measured by kaolin suspension, and white water treatment of paper making by cationic s