溅蚀研究进展 发表版.docVIP

收稿日期：2010-01-13 309087608@ 2006NG17 作者简介:韩学坤(1984-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:山地农业可持续发展。 通讯作者简介：吴伯志，男，教授，博士生导师。研究方向: 耕作制度及耕地水土保持,邮件:bozhiwu@ 溅蚀研究进展 韩学坤吴伯志（云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，云南昆明，650201） 摘 要：溅蚀是水蚀的初始阶段，是雨滴对地表击打的直接作用的结果，是一个动能减少，地表土壤颗粒发生位移的过程。溅蚀主要发生在坡面产生径流之前和刚产生径流时，是水蚀的主要形式之一[1]。国内外学者对溅蚀的影响因素的研究主要集中在降雨特征、土壤特性以及地形因素等方面，其中主要影响因子包括：坡度，降雨特征，植被覆盖和土层结构。溅蚀量随坡度的增大逐渐增多，但是坡度超过临界坡度时，随坡度增大而减小；随降雨强度和雨滴大小增大而增大；地表植被对降雨有直接的再分配的过程，主要表现为截流、透流和干流方面，当地表覆盖物超过1cm时，溅蚀可以完全消失；不同级配的土壤颗粒抗溅蚀能力不同，粒径在0.15 mm附近的颗粒最容易被溅蚀，溅蚀同时随着土壤结皮厚度增大，土壤抗溅蚀能力增强。然而目前国内外对溅蚀的研究主要是在实验室模拟条件下完成的，较少有野外实地的研究，更缺乏在实际农业生产条件下的研究。所以需要在前人的基础上结合我国有些地方坡耕地较多的情况，在不同作物、作物生产方式和土地耕作方式等条件下，探讨坡耕地溅蚀规律。 关键词： 水土流失；溅蚀；坡度；降雨；进展 Advance of Research of Splash Erosion HAN Xue-kun AN Tong-xin WU Bo-zhi* HE-jia (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201,China) Abstract: Splash is the first step of water erosion; it is the directly results of raindrop strike on soil; it is a process that raindrop kinetic energy be reducing and the soil particles removing from here to there. Home and abroad scholars researching the factors of rain splash focused on rainy characters, soil characters and topography element etc. The key factors for the raindrop splash including slope angle、meteorology factors、plants cover and structures of soil. Splash amount is increasing accord the slope angle larger, but it will diverse after the angle more than a critical angle; Increasing by larger intensity and diameter of rain drop; Surface plants could redistribute rain drop directly which including cut off flow、flow through and trunk stream, if the thickness of surface covers more than 1cm, the rain splash could avoid; Different graduation soil particle have different anti-splash ability, the particles which diameter around 0.15mm could be splashed most easily. Soil anti-splash ability improving by the crust thickness increases. But most of the splash researches were done in simulation situation in laboratory, less in nature environment place