高中英语语法专题——虚拟语气专题.docVIP

虚拟语气专题 一 语气的定义和分类 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人队某一行为或事情的看法和态度。包括 陈述语气，表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的：we are not ready. 祈使语气，表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令: Open the door please! 虚拟语气， 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。如：If I were u, I should study English.I wish u could go with me.May u succeeded.二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 真实条件句，假设的情况是有可能发生的。虚拟条件句，结社的情况是过去或现在都不存在、或将来也不大可能发生的。如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。构成如下： 动词形式时间 从句 主句 与现在事实不符 V-p (be的过去式一般用were) would, should, could, might + v 与过去事实不符 had+ v-pp would, should, could, might +have+ v 与将来事实不符 V-p/should+ v;were+ to would, should, could, might + v 注：主句中的should只用于I，We，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。 用法举例：1与现在事实相反的假设和结果If I were you, I would(should, could, might) tell him the truth.2 与过去事实相反的假设或结果If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.3 与将来的事实可能相反的假设和结果If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.4 主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。当条件从句和主句中表示的时间不一致的时候，要根据实际情况调整动词形式。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently5 虚拟条件句可转化的形式（1）省略连词if（此时要用倒装结构，不能用助动词的缩略否定式）: Were I you(If I were you), I would not do it.Had he been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Pairs. (不能说：Weren‘t it ~)（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it.I haven’t have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)6 省去条件从句或主句。表虚拟语气的从句或主句有时候可以省略，含义可推。（1）省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself.(If you had wanted to)(2) 省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me!If only she had not left! （If only,表示：“要是……就好了！”）If only the wind would stop! （ 风要是停了该多好！）三 虚拟语气的其他用法 1在主语从句中