different alumina types 氧化铝种类解释.doc

Alumina (Aluminium Oxide) - The Different Types of Commercially Available Grades ? Chemical Formula Al2O3 Topics Covered Background Key Properties Annual Production Where Does Alumina Come From? Phases of Alumina Aluminium Hydroxides Commercial Grades of Alumina Smelter Grade Alumina Calcined Alumina Low Soda Alumina Reactive Alumina Tabular Alumina Fused Alumina High Purity Aluminas Background Alumina is the most widely used oxide ceramic material.? Its applications are widespread, and include spark plugs, tap washers, pump seals, electronic substrates, grinding media, abrasion resistant tiles, cutting tools, bioceramics, (hip-joints), body armour, laboratory ware and wear parts for the textile and paper industries.? Very large tonnages are also used in the manufacture of monolithic and brick refractories. It is also used mixed with other materials such as flake graphite where even more severe applications are envisaged, such as pouring spouts and sliding gate valves. Key Properties The characteristics which alumina has and which are important for these applications are shown below. ????????? High compression strength ????????? High hardness ????????? Resistant to abrasion ????????? Resistant to chemical attack by a wide range of chemicals even at elevated temperatures ????????? High thermal conductivity ????????? Resistant to thermal shock ????????? High degree of refractoriness ????????? High dielectric strength ????????? High electrical resistivity even at elevated temperatures ????????? Transparent to microwave radio frequencies ????????? Low neutron cross section capture area ????????? Raw material readily available and price not subject to violent fluctuation Annual Production Annual production of alumina is some 45 million tonnes, of which 90% is used in the manufacture of aluminium metal by electrolysis. Where Does Alumina Come From? Most of the aluminium oxide produced commercially is obtained by the calcination of aluminium hydroxide (frequently t