毕业设计(论文)外文参考资料0805110411 孙怡臻.doc

毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目： Application Fundamentals 　　　　　 -- Android Developers 学生姓名： 孙怡臻 学　　号： 0805110411 专　　业： 计算机科学与技术（NIIT） 所在学院： 信息技术学院 指导教师： 陈圣国 职　　称： 副教授 2011年 12月 19日 说明： 要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。  Application Fundamentals——Android Developers Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The Android SDK tools compile the code—along with any data and resource files—into an Android package, an archive file with an .apk suffix. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application and is the file that Android-powered devices use to install the application. Once installed on a device, each Android application lives in its own security sandbox: The Android operating system is a multi-user Linux system in which each application is a different user. By default, the system assigns each application a unique Linux user ID (the ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the application). The system sets permissions for all the files in an application so that only the user ID assigned to that application can access them. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an applications code runs in isolation from other applications. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the applications components need to be executed, then shuts down the process when its no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for other applications. In this way, the Android system implements the principle of least privilege. That is, each application, by default, has access only to the components that it requires to do its work and no more. This cr