阿根廷农业及转基因问题 en.docx

阿根廷农业问题1、Monsanto’s domination of agriculture in Argentina孟山都公司控制阿根廷的农业In recent years, Argentina has been a target for Monsanto’s heavy-handed attempts to dominate global seed and glyphosate supplies.最近一些年，阿根廷成为孟山都公司控制全球种子与草甘膦除草剂供应强势图谋的目标。The company has been trying for several years to collect royalties on GM RR soy seed in the country, where it does not have a patent. Its seeds were sold there under licence by a US company that was subsequently acquired by seed and grain importer Nidera. Instead of collecting royalties, Monsanto has made its profits in Argentina from its Roundup herbicide, used with GM RR soy. 该公司多年来一直努力在阿根廷收取对于抗草甘膦除草剂转基因大豆种子（GM RR soy seed）的专利提成费，尽管孟山都公司在阿根廷国内没有这样的专利。孟山都公司与一家美国公司之间达成有许可证协议，该公司依据该项协议在阿根廷销售孟山都公司的抗草甘膦除草剂转基因大豆种子。后来，这家美国公司被一家种子与粮食的进口商Nidera公司所收购。孟山都公司没有能够收取专利提成费，但是通过与抗草甘膦除草剂转基因大豆种植时一起使用的孟山都公司草甘膦除草剂在阿根廷的销售获取利润。In Europe, however, Monsanto does have a patent on GM RR soy.在欧洲，孟山都公司对抗草甘膦除草剂转基因大豆（GM RR soy）享有专利权。In 2004 Monsanto announced that it was suspending its soy business in Argentina because it was “simply not profitable for us”.2004年，孟山都公司宣布，牠将暂时停止在阿根廷的业务“仅仅因为对我们没有足够的利润”。The following year, Monsanto attempted to recoup its lost royalties by filing lawsuits against European soy importers in the Netherlands and Denmark, accusing them of illegally importing soy meal from its patented GM soybeans from Argentina. 第二年，孟山都公司企图通过在荷兰与丹麦起诉欧洲大豆进口商来重获他们丧失的专利提成费，控诉欧洲大豆进口商非法从阿根廷进口牠们的专利抗草甘膦除草剂转基因大豆（GM RR soy）的大豆粉。Monsanto’s move threatened Argentina’s agriculture, economy, and soy export market. It failed only when the European Court of Justice ruled against the company. 孟山都公司的行动对阿根廷的农业、经济，以及大豆出口市场都成为了威胁。仅由于欧洲法院（European Court of Justice）作出了不利于孟山都公司的裁决后，这种威胁才失败了。Monsanto said in a press release that it “simply wanted to be paid for the use of [its] technology,” adding that since the growers who use the technology in Argentina do not pay for it, “Monsanto has looked [through this case] for alternative ways to collect for the use of our technology