稠油开采添加剂(中英文).doc

TECHNICAL BULLETIN P/7. 技术公报 P/7. PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF LOW GRAVITY ASPHALTIC CRUDES BAKER PETROLITE PAW4 低比重含沥青的原油的生产和运输，贝克PETROLITE PAW4。 INTRODUCTION: 引论 Crude oil comes in two basic types: paraffinic and asphaltic. While most crude oils are a combination of these two types and exhibit a wide range of characteristics, we can make some distinctions Paraffinic crudes have higher API gravity,that is usually above 20o API and contain straight chain hydrocarbons. These crudes contain paraffin (straight hydrocarbon chains containing 20 or more carbon atoms) and possess a wide range of thermal characteristics. 原油来时以二种基本的类型： 石蜡和含沥青。 当多数原油是一种这二个类型的组合并且陈现出大范围的特征时，我们可以做一些区分石蜡原油有更高的API比重，通常在20o API之上并且包含直链碳氢化合物，这些原油含有石蜡(包含20个或更多的碳原子)的平直的碳氢化合物链子并且拥有大范围热量特征。 The paraffin in these crudes can form crystal structures upon cooling. These crystal structures can become so extensive that they can trap all the oil in them and cause the crude to gell or set up solid. This is the pour point. 在这些原油中的石蜡在冷却情况下可能形成晶体结构，这些晶体结构可能变得数量很大它们可以堵塞所有的油并导致原油稠化或变成为固体，这就是“浇铸点”。 Asphaltic crude oils are those crudes below 20o API. They are usually black, highly viscous and tacky to the touch. These crude oils contain large quantities of asphaltene structures which are typically condensed hetero-aromatic ring structures. These crudes contain little paraffin, and the asphaltic components are amorphous, that is they do not form crystal structures. Asphaltic crudes have no true pour point. They become more viscous at lower temperatures until they cease to flow. This high viscosity has hindered the production and transportation of these crudes since their initial discovery. Since they have no crystal structure, crystal modifiers or physical shear cannot be used to facilitate their handling. 含沥青的原油是那些在20o API之下的原油，它们通常是黑色的，度黏很高并且模上去发黏，这些原油包含有很大数量的典型的浓缩的向异性的芳香族的圆环结构的沥青结构，这些原油包含有少许的石蜡，并且含沥青的成分是不定形的，这是它们不形成晶体结构的原因。含沥青的原油没有真实的浇铸点， 它们在低温下变得黏稠，直到它们停止流动。从它们最初被发现起，这种高黏性妨害了这些原油的生产和运输，因为它们没有晶体结