第五课 定语从句.docx

Unit 5lose heart 丧失勇气lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上in trouble 处于不幸中be sentenced to 被判处be out of work = lose one’s job 失业be equal to 相等的，平等的as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨blow up 充气，爆炸set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)set off 出发，动身set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 prevent sb (from) doing sthdie from 死于（外因）die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事advise doing sthfight for 为争取……而斗争fight against 为反对……而斗争fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争work out 算出have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth be willing to do sth 乐于做某事come to power 当权，上台1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句链接：It’s the first time that 现在完成时It was the first time that 过去完成时4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.should have done 本应做而未做needn’t have done 本不应做而做了can’t have done 过去不可能做过定语从句 　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。　被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。　关系副词有：when, where, why, how。　关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可代替先行词做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。　定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用thatIs he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语,书面语中多用who）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）2) whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可省略。例如：Football?is?a?game?which/that help students establish teamwork spirit.?（which/that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about