高中英语之8时态和语态.pptVIP

1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别 ①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。如： In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. ②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况： a.过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。如： —Would you go to see the film with me this evening? —Sorry, I have seen it before. b.过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for，since, so far 一类时间状语。如： I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (从毕业一直延续到现在) ③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是很久以前的动作也是一般过去时。如： When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. 2. 将来时的六种动词形式 ①will(shall)+动词原形。 如：a. Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.  b. The light is on. I will turn it off. ( 表临时性的决定) ②be going to + 动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况”。 如：a. I’m going to cut this tree down. b. It is going to rain. (有迹象表明将要下雨，可翻译成“可能” ) ③be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。 如：a. The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. b. If you are to be respected by others, you should respect others first .  ④will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。 如：Who will be taking over her job? ⑤be doing用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。 如： How many of you are making the trip?  ⑥do/does用一般现在时态表示按时刻表等的安排即将发生的动作。 如： You needn’t be in a hurry .The train leaves at six. 3.语态 (1)主动形式表被动意义 ①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。 如：This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 ②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。如：The plan worked out successfully. ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 如：The door needs repairing.门需要修理。 ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。如：This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. 另: be to blame(受谴责), be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 (2)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 ①be seated坐着，如： He is seated on a bench. =He seats himself on a bench.坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden躲藏，如： He was hidden behind the door. =He hid himse