Lecture 6--英语词汇学学习课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Lecture 6  Sense（ Meaning ） relations ② Contrary terms (相对反义词)or gradable antonyms(可分级反义词） Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable and one exists in comparison with the other, examples are: * Lecture 6  Sense（ Meaning ） relations old, middle-aged, young; open, ajar (微开), close; hot, warm, cool, cold; rich, well-to-do (小康), poor; beautiful, good –looking (好看), plain, ugly; love, attachment, liking, indifference, antipathy, hate. * Lecture 6  Sense（ Meaning ） relations ③ Relative terms (表示相互关系的反义词) This third type consists of relational opposites, such as: parent / child; husband / wife; employer / employee sell / buy; give / receive, come / go; up / down; above-below; speak-listen. * lecture 6  (2) The use of antonyms ① Antonyms have various practical uses and long proved helpful, valuable in defining the meanings of words. ※ 反义词用途广泛，在确定词义上很有价值。例如，以fresh为例： fresh bread —— stale bread; fresh air —— stuffy air (沉闷的); fresh flowers —— faded flowers; fresh look —— tired look. * Lecture 6  (2) The use of antonyms ② Antonyms are useful in enabling us to express economically the opposite of a particular thought, often for the sake of contrast. Many idioms are formed with antonyms. They look neat and pleasant, and sound rhythmic, e.g. rain or shine (风雨无阻), now or never (千载难逢，机不可失), thick and thin (厚厚薄薄), here and there (到处), high and low (高低), friend or foe (敌友), give and take (给予和索取) * Lecture 6  (2) The use of antonyms ③ Antonyms are often used to form antithesis to achieve emphasis by putting contrasting ideas together. Proverbs and sayings provide us with good examples: easy come, easy go; (来得容易去得快) More haste, less speed; (欲速则不达) United we stand, divided we fall. (