基于WEB的3D.docVIP

可用于虚拟建筑环境的Web3D技术初探 摘 要 　　 Web3D技术是随着互联网与虚拟现实(Virtual Reality)技术的发展而产生的,其目的在于在互联网上建立三维的虚拟世界.目前,Web3D技术在电子商务,远程教育,工程技术,计算机辅助设计等领域已经获得了广泛的应用. 　　 将Web3D技术引入建筑环境分析与再现过程中,建立基于Web的虚拟建筑环境具有特殊的意义,虚拟的建筑环境提供了设计结果的仿真效果,更能使得建筑师,设计师在全世界范围内通过Internet进行交流. 　　 VRML虚拟现实建模语言是Web3D应用中应用最为广泛的三维场景描述语言,VRML除定义了三维应用系统中常用的语言描述规范外,还定义了一些简单的行为特征的描述功能,VRML的不足之处在于其仅仅是一种描述语言,缺乏复杂行为及交互的编程支持. 　　 很多商业公司推出的一些Web3D解决方案大都针对特定的行业应用,不能适合虚拟建筑环境的要求,因此需要对此问题加以解决.本文提出了基于Web的虚拟建筑环境的概念,借以区分Web3D技术在其它行业的应用情况及特点. 　　 针对VRML及其它Web3D解决方案的不足之处,结合虚拟建筑环境的特点,笔者建立了综合应用Java3D及VRML建立基于Web的虚拟建筑环境应用框架.本文分析VRML以及Java3D的技术特点,并给出了VRML及Java3D在虚拟建筑环境中应用的一些实现细节,如采用LOD简化场景,在三维场景中以直接拾取场景对象的方式获取虚拟建筑属性等.文章还提出了采用VRML及Java3D建立虚拟建筑环境应用中几个重要的待解决的问题,这些问题具有一定的代表性,如在虚拟环境漫游中采用地形跟踪等,有些问题给出了一些实现的基本设想,一些则仅仅作为问题提出,以期逐渐加以解决. 综上所述,本论文对VRML,Java3D等工具和虚拟环境体系作了不同程度的分析,并提出了相应的实现方案,突破了单纯采用VRML或Java3D的局限性,并给出了部分实现. 关键词:Web3D,虚拟建筑环境,VRML,Java3D,X3D Abstract The technic of Web3D has emerged with the development of Internet and Virtual Reality. The aim of web3D is to build virtual world on the Internet. Now, The technology of Web3D has been applied in many fields such as e-business, remote education, engineering, CAD etc. To introduce Web3D technology to architecture environment analysis and representation has a lot of benefits. The architects and urban planers could get the simulative result scene of the building before the real construction. Most of all, they could communicate their models and ideas across the world by Internet. VRML (virtual reality modeling language) is a descriptive language which has been widely used to deliver interactive 3D objects across the internet, addition to create static virtual scene. VRML provides several interactive mechanisms to support users to interact with the virtual scene. The pitfall of VRML is that it is only a descriptive language and is lack of programming support. It is a difficult work to build a large-scale virtual scene through complex interactions with VRML. Many solutions