生化名词解释from课件.docVIP

蛋白质的结构与功能 Peptide unit (plane) 肽单元（平面） The partial double-bond character of the peptide bond makes Cα1, C, O, N, H, Cα2 six atoms coplanar, Cα1 and Cα2 are trans to each other, this semi-rigid plane composed of those six atoms is termed as peptide unit. Constitute of Backbone：Backbone is peptide main chain：atoms C ɑ (ɑ carbon atoms) ,C(carbonyl carbon), N (amino nitrogen), three atoms repeat followed by arrangement. Cα is the joining point for two planes。Rotation of planar peptide unit is permitted about the N-Cα and the Cα-C single bonds。 2,.Motif (模体) Motifs are the assembling of more than 2 secondary structural elements that fold to near each other in space and have special functions. Some motif consist of several AAs,Such as RGD. Domain (结构域) The tertiary structure of some proteins can be divided into 2 or more relatively independent compact regions that may be joined by a flexible segment of the chain, and have special functions. These compact units called domains. One protein may contain several domains Each domain is a functional unit, having separate functions. e.g. Fatty acid synthetase contains 7 domains each has a active centre and a enzyme activity. DNA binding protein (transcriptional factor) contains at least 2 domains One protein may contain several domains that is a distinct functional structural unit within a large polypeptide, may be composed of several motifs domain motif Denaturation of protein (蛋白质变性) Protein spatial structure is sensitive to denaturing agents (high T, urea, strong acids or bases, organic solvents, detergents, heavy metal ions) These agents result in unfolding and disorganization of protein spatial structure without change in primary structure, and loss of protein biological activity. Denatured proteins: no peptide bond broken,biological activity is partially or completely lost, sensitive to protease effect physical and chemical properties changed ,usually the solubility is reduced.