高中英语介词知识点大汇总.docxVIP

高中英语介词知识点大汇总介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在……前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。一. 介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, ? beyond, during, in, on等等。合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, ? owing to, thanks to等等。双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in ? between等等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), ? including，regarding，concerning等。兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, ? opposite等等。二. 介词短语的语法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例? ? 句作定语They didn’t find ? the solution?to the problem.作状语We have breakfast?at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting?because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean?by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live?without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not?at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building?in a bad condition.三.?表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区? 别例? 子时间? ? ?in? ? on? ? atat在一个时间点上；in在一段时间之内；on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。①at 8 oclock, at noon②in the 1990s, in January③on Monday, on a warm morning? since? fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始。①We have not seen each other since 1995.②I hope to do morning exercises from today.? ? in,? afterin指在一段时间之后，用于一般将来时，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后，用于一般过去时。①We’ll be back in three days.②After seven the rain began to fall.in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end ? of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。①In the end they reached a place of safety.②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般说来，between表示两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上之间。①You are to s