第3章第三节句子表达的得体性.docVIP

第3章第三节句子表达的得体性 第三节 句子表达的得体性 意思的正确表达不仅依赖于句子的正确性，更有赖于句子的得体性，所谓得体性就是指所用语言符合说话者的身份，以及所处的环境，否则不仅无法正确表达自己的思想，甚至会取得相反的效果。句子的得体性还表现在语言的简洁性、措辞的准确性、表意的明确性和主题内容的合理性。在词的选择上能够注意正式与非正式的区别、抽象与具体的差异、褒贬的不同以及语气强弱的差别。写作时，不论哪一类文章，最重要的是用英语思维，避免用汉语翻译，文章以叙述、说明清楚为主，所用语法要正确、得当，符合英语的表达习惯。 一、语言的简洁性 句子的写作应直截了当、言简意赅，避免冗长、乏味。一般写作中，尤其是在普通的叙述文中，应以简洁、朴实的词语为佳，避免矫饰、复杂。 使句子简练的方式很多，常见的有： 1. 用单词代替短语。如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替：from time to time(often)，It is clear that...(Clearly...)，draw a conclusion(conclude)，with anger(angrily)，of great importance(important) 2. 避免使用同义重复。如下面这些句子，括号部分重复，应删掉。 ① He is blind (in both eyes). ② In my opinion, (I think) your plan is feasible. ③ The desk is round (in shape) and red (in color). ④ It was a rainy day, (cloudy and humid). ⑤ I shall accompany my mother (by going with her) to the market. 3. 避免结构重复。如下面这些句子，括号内为同义重复，应删掉。 ① He likes English very much and I(like English very much), too. ② Without air, the night time would be very cold and the days(would be)very hot. ③ Reading makes a full man, conference(makes)a ready man, and writing(makes)an exact man. 4. 用短语代替从句。 试对比下列改写前后的句子： ① Do you know the man who is speaking at the meeting? →Do you know the man speaking at the meeting? ② He suggested that he be sent to tend the sick. →He suggested being sent to tend the sick. ③ Look out for cars while you are crossing the street. →Look out for cars while crossing the street. ④ He attended the party though he was badly ill. →He attended the party in spite of his illness. 5. 变换句式。试对比下列改写后的句子： ① He did not come to school because of his illness. →Illness pretended him from coming to school. ② Take this medicine, and you will get well. →This medicine will make you well. ③ It seems that he is ill. →He seems to be ill. 二、措辞的准确性 正确措辞是写好文章的基础。句子的得体性离不开正确的用词。在用词方面应注意以下两方面： (一)具体明确 词语选择是遣词造句的基础。写作时应特别注意词的运用。具体词与抽象词不可混用。为了意思表达的准确，一般应以具体词为佳。会引起歧义的句子尽量不用。如： (1)John told his classmate that he had passed the exam. 修正：John said to his