研究生实用英语写作3 4-sentence.ppt

Sentence Part One Variety of sentences Variety is essential to good writing. A series of sentences of the same structure and length, beginning with the same noun or pronoun as the subject, would sound monotonous. Variety is achieved when short sentences are used in between long ones, simple sentences in between compound and complex ones, periodic sentences in between loose ones. An occasional question, command, or exclamation among statements may also be helpful. But variety is not to be sought for its own sake. 1.Complete Sentences, Sentence Fragments, and Run-on Sentences Generally speaking, every sentence should have a subject (S) and a verb (V). Some sentence patterns have other necessary parts such as an adverbial (A), an object (O), and a complement (C). But the basic structure of a complete sentence is: S + V (+ O / A / C, etc.). A word group that lacks a subject or a verb or some necessary parts and that does not express a complete thought is a fragment. In a run-on sentence, two complete ideas, which should be either separated by a period or a semicolon connected by a linking word, are incorrectly joined with or without a comma. Examples of Sentence fragments: Not only can you read English books but also you can read Chinese ones; to enlarge your vocabulary; to be rich in your mind; to open your eyes, etc. Examples of Run-on Sentences: Two persons who have similar educational backgrounds take the same interview from one company, the company will choose the one who acts better in the interview. 2. Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences (Structurally) A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate-verb, but it may contain more than one object, attributive or adverbial. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) related to each other in meaning, and linked by a coordinating conjunction并列连词（and, or） or by a semicolon without a conjunction. A complex sentence contains one main (or princi