Artificial Intelligence Background and Overview人工智能的背景和概况.ppt

Copyright, 2005 All rights reserved L. Manevitz Artificial Intelligence Background and Overview L. Manevitz Artificial Intelligence-What is it? Requirements Two – three projects (obligatory) Final Final Grade – between 33% - 67% projects (probably 40 - 50%) Late projects will be penalized Attendance in Lectures is strongly recommended Text and References Texts: (on reserve) Elaine Rich Artificial Intelligence Nils Nilsson Artificial Intelligence Patrick Winston Artificial Intelligence Newer Books: Russell Norvig Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach Nils Nilsson Artificial Intelligence:A New Synthesis Webber Nilsson Readings in Artificial Intelligence . What is Artificial Intelligence? How do we define it? What is it good for? History ? Successes/ Failures? Future Outlook? /jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html Possible Examples? Chess? Recognizing Credit Card Fraud? Automatic Train Driver? Automatic Car Driver? Recommender System? Agents in a Computer Game? Boy Robot in movie “AI”? Emotions? Solving Geometry Problems? Proving Theorems? Giving Directions? Answering Questions for Registering Students? What is intelligence ? How do we define it? What is artificial intelligence? What is natural intelligence? How do we know if we achieve it? Psychology How do humans and animals think and act? Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science Behaviorism Neuroscience How does the Brain Work? Compare with Computer? 10**11 neurons vs 1 CPU (10**8 gates) 10 **-3 sec vs 10 **-10 sec 10**14 bits/sec vs 10**10 bits/sec Moore’s Law (doubles every 1.5 years) CPU gate count will equal neurons in 2020. Does this mean anything? Mathematics Formal Rules to Draw Conclusions What can be Computed? Godel’s Theorem NP completeness How to Reason with Uncertain Information? Probability Game Theory Are the Means Important? Black Box – raw power versus “cleverness” Or White Box - somehow models how people work Or White Box – somehow cleverness sneaks in by some ov