Attention, awareness, ‘noticing’ and foreign language.ppt

Attention, awareness, ‘noticing’ and foreign language learning Richard Schmidt The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa The Noticing Hypothesis Intake is that part of the input that the learner notices (Schmidt, 1990, 139) The noticing hypothesis claims that awareness at the point of learning (Time 1) is required for all learning (Schmidt, 1995, 27) SLA is largely driven by what learners pay attention to and notice in target language input and what they understand the significance of noticed input to be (Schmidt, 2001, 3-4) Precursers to the Noticing Hypothesis “Yesterday I’m go beach” “If you back to room, can I bring cigarette?” (would you please) “So tonight, Tim and me we are come back here early, we are apartment” “She’s name is Izumi Ukimura, she’s working is beautiful” Classroom instruction was useful. Frequency in input was important. Some forms were taught and frequent but still were not learned until they were noticed (o que é que). Notice the gap: “For acquisition to occur, acquirers need to notice a difference between their current form or competence i and the new form or structure i + 1” (Krashen, 1983, 140) The role of consciousness in second language learning (Schmidt 1990) Consciousness as intention (incidental vs. intentional learning) Claim: Incidental learning is possible and often effective, but paying attention is facilitative and may be necessary in some cases. Consciousness as attention Claim: There is no learning without attention Consciousness as awareness Claim: Awareness at the level of “noticing” is necessary; Awareness at the level of “understanding” is facilitative. “Noticing” vs. “understanding” Noticing vs. understanding: transitive “grow” (Pullam, 2005) “Now, we can do the right thing and create jobs and grow our economy. This is really an age of remarkable possibility for our Nation.” (William J. Clinton, Presidential radio address, March 30, 1996) “After seeing Guys “Growing a Language” a few months ago I went around telling everyone