LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS AND APPROACHES语言教学的方法和途径.doc

LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS AND APPROACHES Methods/Approaches Proponent/s Theory of Language and Theory of Learning Student Roles Teacher Roles Procedure Reactions/Comments 1.The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching Harold Palmer A.S. Hornby *Speech is the basis of language * Structure is the heart of the speaking ability *These approaches adhere to the behaviorist habit-learning theory *Listens to the teacher *Repeats new structures *Responds to questions and commands *Sets up situations in which the need for the target structure is created *Models the new structure for students to repeat *Should be a skillful manipulator *Pronunciation *Revision *Presentation *Oral Practice *Reading of material on the new structure 2. The Audiolingual Method Leonard Bloomfield along with other American linguists under the army program *Language is speech, not writing. *A language is a set of habits. *A language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say. *Languages are different. *Learning a foreign language is a process of mechanical habit formation. *Students are organisms that can be directed by skillful training techniques to produce correct responses. *Teacher’s role is central. Some of these are: ** A teacher should introduce, sustain and harmonize the learning of the four macroskills of language. ** He should model various types of language behavior. * Modeling by the teacher * Subordination of the mother tongue *Early and continued training *learning of structure *Gradual substitution of graphic symbols for sounds *Summarizing of the main principles of the structure *Vocabulary in context LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS AND APPROACHES Method/Approach Proponent/s Theory of Language and Theory of Learning Student Roles Teacher Roles Procedure Reactions/Comments 3. The Silent Way Caleb Gattegno * The students’ oral and aural facility is important as part of the basic elements of the target language. * Learning is a problem-so