安全管理中_重处罚轻激励_问题的博弈分析.docxVIP

安全管理中“重处罚轻激励”问题的博弈分析谭波周德鑫( 中国科学院光电技术研究所 成都 610209)摘 要 针对我国各行各业安全管理中存在“重处罚轻激励”问题，将博弈理论运用于安全管理者和员工间的激励机制，得出“安全管理者和员工都需要激励，激励运用在安全管理中可以有效的强化员工的安全 行为，弱化不安全行为，从而更有利于安全生产”的结论。再通过对违章员工和安全管理者双方混合策略的 博弈分析，得出“若要降低员工违章发生率，只加重违章员工的处罚，短期可以抑制违章率，长期反而会使安 全管理者变得懒惰不履行职责，因此必须同时加强对安全管理者的激励管理”的结论。最终得出“激励是一 种有效的安全管理方法，而处罚作为一种负激励，使用时需要注重其力度”的结论。关键词 安全管理 博弈 激励 违章 处罚The Analysis of “Incentive is Lighter Than Punishment”in the Safety ManagementTAN Bo ZHOU Dexin( Ｒesearch Institute of Electrooptical Technology，Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209)Abstract Currently there exist the problem that incentive is lighter than punishment in Chinese enterprise safety management． In this paper，firstly the basic principles of game theory are applied in incentive mechanism between safety managers and employees，finding out that“both safety managers and employees need incentives，the use of incentive in safety management can effectively strengthen safety behaviors of the staffs and weaken the unsafe behaviors，and so it can help to safety production ”． Then through the game analysis of mixed strategy of both the violators against the rules and safety managers，it reaches such conclusions that“to reduce the incidence rate of violation，only adding the punishment to the violators can lower the incidence rate of violation in the short － term，but in the long － term，the safety managers will become lazy and do not fulfill their responsibilities and so the incentive management must be also strengthened to the safety managers”． Finally，it finds out such conclusions that“incentive is an effective safety man- agement，and punishment as a negative incentive，we must focus on its intensifying when it is used”．Key Words safety management game theory incentiveviolation punishment0引言人类有目的的行为都是出于对某种需要的追求。激励与处罚的分配及其力度。11． 1安全管理中激励的博弈分析模型的建立员工是否安全作业将决定安全生产，企业通过未得到的需要是产生激励的起点，进而导致某种行为。文献［1 － 2］认为安全管理的激励功能就是要研 究如何根据人的行为规律来提高人的积极性，进而使 企业的安全性能达到最佳状态。文献［3］强调当人们 的行为得到恰当的激励时，他的工作动机便增强，会 更加努力地工作，取得相应的绩效。但