《量子力学讲义》.pdfVIP

《量子力学讲义》 刘觉平 武汉大学物理科学与技术学院 QUANTUM MECHANICS Contents §1. Fundamental Concepts in QM §1-1. The Stern-Gerlach experiment and the electron spin §1-2. The sequential Stern-Gerlach experiments and the QM states §1-3. The physical state space in QM (Hilbert space) §1-4. Operators §1-5. Matrix representations §1-6. Measurements in QM §1-7. Compatible observables and incompatible observables §1-8. Degeneracy §1-9. The uncertainty relation §1-10. Change of basis in Hilbert space §2. The space translation and the momentum operators §2-1. From the discrete spectra to the continuum §2-2. Coordinate operators §2-3. Translation §2-4. Momentum §2-5. The fundamental commutators in QM §2-6. Dirac’s quantization rule §2-7. Wave functions in position space §2-8. Wave functions in momentum space §2-9. Relations between the wave functions in position and momentum spaces §3. The space rotations and the angular momentum operators §3-1. Rotations in the three-dimentional Euclidean space §3-2. Rotations in Hilbert space and the commutation relations of the angular momenta §3-3. Rotation operators for spin 1/2 system §3-4. The spin precession §3-5. Neutron interferometry §3-6. Pauli spinors §3-7. Rotations of the Pauli spinors §3-8. Euler rotations in the two-dimentional spinor space and the SU(2) group §3-9. The ladder operators J ± 2 §3-10. The eigenvalues of J and J z §3-11. The matrix elements of angular momentum operators §3-12. The matrix elements of the rotation operator D(R ) §3-13. The orbital angular momentum operators §3-14. The spherical harmonics §4. Time evolution and quantum dynamics §4-1. Time evolution §4-2. Hamiltonian §4-3. The Schrödinger picture of QM §4-4. The Heisenberg picture of QM §4-5. The Dirac picture of QM §4-6. Dyson s