拉伸试验机的设计.doc

摘 要 由于机械装备在各种类型的腐蚀环境中服役，腐蚀环境会加剧机械装备的腐蚀失效；而且在腐蚀环境中机械构件往往还要承受各种类型的应力的作用，应力的作用会大大加速金属构件的腐蚀失效，所以必须对机械装备在应力和腐蚀介质交互作用下（力学化学作用）的腐蚀行为进行研究，这就需要相应的试验机进行相关的实验，由此引入了对电化学腐蚀加载试验机的研究和设计。 金属材料的力学化学腐蚀研究主要是对金属的局部塑性变形－电化学溶解的交互效应进行研究，常用的外加载荷类型有静载荷和动载荷两种。其中较多的加载方式为使用慢拉伸试验机加载，慢拉伸试验机既可以提供指定应变速率的动载荷，也可以提供不同范围的静载荷。在研究动载荷对力学化学行为的影响时，应变速率和应变幅是影响材料电化学行为的重要参量，一般应变速率越慢，金属材料的力学化学表现的越明显，通常的应变速率范围为，本文根据实际需要设计了在0-3KN的静载荷拉伸试验机和0-10KN的慢拉伸试验机。 关键词：慢拉伸试验机；静载荷试验机；动载荷；力学电化学腐蚀 Abstract As mechanical equipments served in various corrosion environments, corrosive media will aggravate corrosion failure of mechanical equipments, moreover regularly mechanical parts served in corrosion environments sustain various kinds of applied stress, applied stress will greatly enhance the corrosion rate of mechanical part and accelerate its corrosion failure .so it is necessary to investigate the corrosion behavior of mechanical parts under interactions of corrosive media and applied stress, so corresponding testing machine is required to carry out interrelated experiments. Research and design of electrochemical corrosion loading testing machine is imported in this thesis. The research on the mechanochemical corrosion of metals mainly aims on the interactions of electrochemical dissolution and local plastic deformations. In mechanochemical corrosion experiments both dead load and dynamic load are used, but the main load mode is dynamic load acquired through slow strain rate tension testing machine. Slow strain rate tension machine can provide dynamic load of fixed strain rare and wide-range dead load. Strain rate and strain amplitude are the parameters that can significantly affect the mechanochemical corrosion behavior of metals, ordinarily the slower is the strain rate, and the more obvious is the mechanochemical interactions. so the strain rate of slow strain rate tension testing machine is set in the range of 10-5～10-6.0-3KN dead load tension testing machine and 0-10KN slow strain rate tension machine are designed in